दुःखानुशयी द्वेषः ॥२.८॥
पदविभाग: दुःख-अनुशयी, द्वेषः।
अन्वय: दुःखानुशयी द्वेषः (भवति)।
प्रतिपदार्थ: दुःख (duḥkha) = pain / suffering / sorrow / disagreeable feeling, अनुशयी (anuśayī) = resting upon / following closely / dwelling upon / resulting from, द्वेषः (dveṣaḥ) = aversion / hatred / repulsion / avoidance.
तात्पर्यम्: Aversion (Dveṣa) is the repulsion that follows and rests upon the experience of pain.
Further context on the 59th Sutra from Patanjali’s Yogasutras
The simple rule our mind follows: that which gives me pain I avoid it, I suppress it and I run away from it.
The term द्वेषः is derived from the Sanskrit root dviṣ (द्विष्), which means “to hate,” “to show enmity against,” or “to dislike.” In its noun form, Dvesha translates to aversion, repulsion, hatred, or avoidance. Dviṣ traces back to the Proto-Indo-Iranian root *dwáyšas, which evolved from the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) root *dwey- (meaning “to fear”).
Fun fact: The ancient Greeks took this exact same PIE root for “fear” (*dwey-) and evolved it into the word deinós (meaning terrible or fearful). In 1842, the English paleontologist Sir Richard Owen used that Greek root to coin the word Dinosauria (“terrible lizard”).
Coming back to the Yogaustras, if Raga is the addiction to pleasure, Dvesha is the allergy to pain.
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